Autoclave yog ib lub cuab yeej siv siab -kub saturated chav nyob rau hauv siab siab kom tsis muaj menyuam cov khoom. Tsim los ntawm Fab Kis tus kws tshawb fawb Charles Chamberland xyoo 1879, nws muaj npe nrov rau nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ntseeg tau, thiab suav tias yog "tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb" tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam microbiology, tshuaj, thiab tshuaj.
1. Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm autoclave yog ua raws li qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev: thaum lub siab nce, qhov kub ntawm cov dej kuj nce.
Hauv ib chav kaw, siab -siab saturated chav yog tsim los ntawm cua sov. Thaum lub siab nce mus txog kwv yees li 0.1-0.2 MPa, qhov kub thiab txias nce mus txog 121 ° -134 ° C. Thaum qhov siab no - qhov kub thiab txias saturated chav los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom txias kom tsis muaj menyuam, nws sai sai condenses thiab tso tawm ntau cov cua sov latent, instantly nce qhov kub ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no ua rau irreversible denaturation thiab coagulation ntawm microbial proteins thiab nucleic acids, ua tiav cov nyhuv ntawm tua tag nrho cov kab mob, nrog rau cov kab mob spores.
Lub voj voog autoclave tus qauv feem ntau suav nrog cov theem hauv qab no:
· Tshem Tawm: Cov cua txias hauv lub chamber raug tshem tawm siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov no yog kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias huab cua tseem nyob, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau chav nkag thiab ua rau kom tsis muaj menyuam.
· Thaum tshav kub kub/Exposure Stage: Tom qab cov huab cua raug tshem tawm tag, lub tso pa valve raug kaw, thiab cua sov mus txog rau thaum lub preset sterilization kub (xws li, 121 degree) yog mus txog. Qhov ntsuas kub no thiab qhov sib thooj siab tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm (feem ntau 15-30 feeb).
· Nqus Tsev / Cua Txias Theem: Tom qab lub sijhawm ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua tiav, cua sov yuav tsum nres, thiab chav maj mam maj mam txo kom tsis txhob muaj qhov siab mus rau xoom. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav qhuav los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum.
2. Kev faib tawm
Autoclaves tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov qauv, ntim, thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm:
|
Classification Dimension |
Hom Lub Npe |
Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv |
| Los ntawm Style/Volume | Portable | Me me (18–24L), nqa tau yooj yim, haum rau cov chaw sim me me lossis chaw kho mob nrog cov khoom me me. |
| Ntsug | Feem ntau hom (35-200L), hneev taw me me, muaj peev xwm nruab nrab, dav siv hauv chav kuaj thiab chav kho mob. | |
| Kab rov tav | Muaj peev xwm loj (150-500L), feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev kho mob Central Sterile Supply Departments (CSSD) lossis kev tsim khoom lag luam rau kev ua haujlwm loj. | |
| Los ntawm Cua Tshem Tawm Txoj Cai | Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus | Siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias chav yog sib dua li huab cua kom "them" cua tawm. Haum rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tsis muaj qhov pores (xws li, phais forceps, iav fwj). |
| Ua ntej- nqus tsev | Siv lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis los ua ntau lub tshuab nqus tsev kom huv si tshem tawm cov cua, uas ua rau muaj zog nkag mus rau hauv chav. Haum rau cov khoom ntxeem tau lossis cov uas muaj lumens (piv txwv li, catheters, kaw ntom nti hnav khaub ncaws). | |
| Los ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov Field | Hom kev kho mob | Feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam cov cuab yeej phais, cov cuab yeej kho hniav, kev hnav khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam, hais txog kev ceev, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev tswj xyuas nruj. |
| Laboratory Hom | Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, nws feem ntau suav nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev tuav cov kua (piv txwv li, kab lis kev cai media) thiab agar, tiv thaiv cov kua dej kub los yog agar solidification. | |
| Tsawg-Tub kub | Tsim los rau cov cua sov- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo xws li lub koob yees duab thiab cov khoom siv endoscopes, siv hydrogen peroxide plasma lossis ethylene oxide (EO) rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thaum kub qis. |
3. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
Vim nws lub peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog, autoclave feem ntau yog siv hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
· Kev Kho Mob Field: Sterilizing reusable khoom xws li cov cuab yeej phais, syringes, cov cuab yeej kho hniav, cov ris tsho phais, thiab cov ntaub qhwv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los tiv thaiv tsev kho mob - kis tau tus kab mob.
· Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb: Sterilizing kab lis kev cai xov xwm, khob iav (petri tais diav, xeem raj), cov lus qhia pipette, thiab biohazardous pov tseg los xyuas kom meej qhov kev sim thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.
· Pharmaceutical Industry: Sterilizing ntau lawm kab cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej ntim rau cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj (ampoules, vials) kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj menyuam thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj.
· Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Kev ua kom tsis muaj kab mob fermenters, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom ntim khoom thaum tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg.
I. Core Sterilization Performance Features
· Kub Kub thiab Kub Siab, Ua kom Sterilization: Lub kaw lus kaw ua kom muaj cov dej saturated ntawm 121℃/ 0.1 MPa lossis 134℃/ 0.2 MPa, deb tshaj cov dej kub npau npau. Nws tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi thiab tshav kub- tiv taus cov kab mob, ua rau nws yog txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj cua sov.
· Strong Steam Penetration: Saturated steam has high density and strong penetrability, able to reach deep into crevices of instruments, interior of packages and porous materials to achieve uniform, full coverage sterilization.
· Ceev thiab Ua Tau Zoo: Chav dej tso tawm ntau cov cua sov latent, ua kom cua sov sai. Ib lub voj voog ua kom tsis muaj menyuam (xws li cua sov, tuav thiab txias) feem ntau siv sijhawm 20-60 feeb, sai dua li kev ua kom tsis muaj cua sov qhuav.
· Verifiable Effectiveness: Nruab nrog cov cim qhia txog roj ntsha (xws li Geobacillus stearothermophilus), tshuaj ntsuas cov strips / daim kab xev, tso cai rau kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.
II. Cov qauv thiab cov khoom nta
· Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb: Feem ntau yog ua los ntawm SUS304 / 316L stainless hlau, acid resistant, alkali resistant, corrosion resistant thiab yooj yim los ntxuav, raws li kev kho mob thiab zaub mov qib kev tu cev.
· Sealing and Door Operation: Self-inflating sealing nplhaib + kev ruaj ntseg interlock (lub qhov rooj tsis tuaj yeem qhib kom txog thaum lub siab / kub nce mus txog qib kev nyab xeeb), tiv thaiv cov pa tawm thiab siv tsis raug. Kev tsim qauv qhib nrawm (lub log tsheb / hluav taws xob xauv) ua kom yooj yim ua haujlwm.
· Chamber Design: Muaj nyob rau hauv ntsug, kab rov tav thiab benchtop qauv. Vertical hom yog feem ntau sab saum toj thauj khoom kom txuag tau qhov chaw; hom kab rov tav yog tsim rau cov ntim loj thiab cov twj paj nruag ntev.